![]() McDonald's Nobel win is a further validation of the calbre of science the Sudbury facility can deliver. SNOLab's director, Nigel Smith, said the Breakthrough Prize coming so soon after Dr. The cavern that housed SNO has since expanded and morphed into a multipurpose underground physics facility called SNOLab. Using the data collected by SNO in the late 1990s and early 2000s, they showed that solar neutrinos, which are all created as one type, arrive at Earth as a mixture of types. McDonald and his team built the SNO experiment, housed more than 2 kilometres below ground in working a nickel mine, to pick up neutrinos streaming from the sun's core. ![]() Tanaka and his colleagues on the T2K experiment reported that they had directly measured one way in which such a switch can occur, by using a beam of neutrinos created at a Japanese particle accelerator that was fired through solid rock at a giant neutrino detector 295 kilometres away. Yet, in different ways and under different conditions, the prize-winning experiments first demonstrated and then studied how neutrinos can switch identities from one type to another.įor example, in 2011 Dr. Neutrinos are known to come in three varieties, each one a type of fundamental particle with its own specific set of characteristics. Tanaka said he and his colleagues were pleased to learn that the five experiments are being awarded the prize together, since they all contributed to an emerging and sometimes bizarre portrait of how neutrinos behave. ![]()
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